Introduction to Titration
Titration is one of the oldest methods of analytical chemistry based on chemical reaction. In a titration, the volume of the standard solution (titrant) required for complete reaction with the analyte is measured. In other words, measuring the volume of standard solution is a method to count the number of analyte particles.
The advantages of the titration method include the following:
Titration is one of the methods of measuring the absolute amount of a substance and does not require calibration.
Titration is very easy to do. It includes simple equipment and work methods and is easy to learn.
It is done quickly. The analysis time for titration is much less than the time required for other methods.
Titration methods are very useful. From the measurement of inorganic ions to the measurement of complex organic compounds, many titration methods have been designed. The amount of analyte can be analysed from a few milligrams per litter (ppm) to 100%.
Titration provides highly reproducible and accurate results.
Titration is a very economical method compared to other methods of analysis.
Classification of titration reactions
A) Acid-base titrations include:
Strong acid and base
A weak acid with a strong base
Weak base with strong acid
Weak acid and base
b) Sedimentary titrations include:
1 – Titration with organic titrants
2- titrations of surfactants
c) Oxidation and reduction titrations (redox)
D) complex metric / km titrations
Fully automatic titrators of the Swiss company Metrohm
The Swiss company Metrohm, with a brilliant background in making fully automatic titrators, offers its titrators in two families, Titrando and Titrino Plus, for different applications. High accuracy of titrant drop (up to 1 microliter), potential reading accuracy (up to 0.1 millivolts)
And automatic calculation of results based on the relevant formula and maintenance of results in accordance with GMP/GLP and FDA regulations are common features of all titrators of this company.
Titrator model 888 of Metrohm company
Characteristics of Titrando family titrators of the Swiss company Metrohm:
Smart components – smart ports and sensors
Intelligent identification – non-interference: as soon as the port is connected to Titrando, it is installed as Plug & Play and the port information is read from the chip.
The MSB (Metrohm serial bus) connection is one of the initiatives of the research and development unit of the Swiss Metrohm company, which was invented for the complete coordination of the devices of this company. By means of 4 MSB embedded in Titrando devices, the ability to control 12 dosinos or dozimets and 4 magnetic stirrers or rods is provided.
USB connection
Unlimited automation
Titrator model 906 of Metrohm company
Characteristics of Titrino Plus family titrators of the Swiss company Metrohm:
Large display screen that displays the titration curve simultaneously with the titration.
Very high accuracy in measuring the potential using the new electrode connection input
All parts, including Exchange unit, printer mixer, are installed and identified automatically and Plug & Play by titrator.
USB port for connecting scale, printer or other equipment with USB cable
Titrator model 848 Metrohm company
Karl Fischer of Metrohm company:
Karl Fischer volumetric measurement
Karl Fischer coulometry
-Karl Fisher volume meters include models 890 and 901 from the Titrando family, model 915 from the Ti-touch family and the famous model 870 from the Titrino Plus family. It is possible to identify the end point by both bi-amperometric and bi-voltammetric methods by means of compact titrators. All Karl Fischer reagents can be used in metrohm titrators. This type of Karl Fischer is suitable for measuring the amount of water in the sample from 0.1 to 100%.
Karl Fischer coulometry designed to measure small amounts of water. Unlike Karl Fischer volumetric titration, no titrant is added in Karl Fischer coulometric titrations, and the required iodine is produced directly in the electrolyte containing iodide by electrochemical means (bort electronics). There is a precise quantitative relationship between the amount of electric charge and the amount of iodine produced. This relationship allows for a very precise increase in iodine. The Carl Fischer coulombimeter device measures the time and current required to reach the end point of the titration. This category includes models 851 and 852 from the Titrando family and models 756, 831 and 899. This type of compact Karl Fischer is designed to measure the moisture content of the sample from 10 micrograms to 10 milligrams of absolute amount of water.
In some cases, for samples that cannot be directly dissolved in Karl Fischer solution or because of side reactions with this solution, we need an oven next to the Karl Fischer device.
The 860 Metrohm model is the well-known model of this company.
Karl Fischer Volumetric Model 870 Metrohm
Karl Fischer Coulometry Model 831 Metrohm
In the table below, you can see the comparison of different models of Karl Fischer volume meters for a better choice of device model:
The following table is a brief comparison of Karl Fischer Coulometrys:
Artin Azma Mehr Company is a supplier of petrochemical oil and gas laboratory equipment and is the representative of Swiss Metrohm Company in Iran. You can contact the company’s experts to get technical advice and the best price for the devices.